Salam, Muhammad.

Thank you very much for your question.

Let us first differentiate between theories and scientific facts. While the former are based on human assumptions (and often prejudices), the latter should be based on tangible evidence and rational proofs.

Modern science has brought an end to the atheist dogma that influenced the minds, souls, and societies in the 19th and most of the 20th centuries. Many assumptive theories were falsely cloaked in the robes of science, and brought forward to replace the sound faith in God with atheist dogmas.

Yet such dogmas as Darwinism, Marxism, and Freudianism — among others — have all collapsed and faded away, when subjected to the true test of scientific evidence and reasoning. The weakness of these atheist theories lies in their being based on the atheist precepts and inclinations of their founders, rather on any true evidence.

Extra confidence in one's own assumptions have led the founders of such theories to ignore a basic axiom of real science: to build conclusions on tangible proofs, not on assumptions and conjectures.

In fact, human perception and physical knowledge are limited, due to the narrow range of our senses. The scope of the unseen, the unheard, the unsmelled, and the unfelt is much more wider than what our senses allow. Besides, the capacity of human intellect is limited to the ability to observe, analyze, correlate, and understand the relations and laws governing the physical, chemical, and biological phenomena.

Yet human perception is totally unfit to answer the big question: WHY any component or system of this world, or our own body or soul, acts or behaves the way it does. Any human can never change, influence, or force anything in nature to act differently or to deviate from its predestined course.

Nonetheless, it is crucial to pay attention to what a reasonable and honest reading of the physical world tells us about God. Read through the "book of nature" at any level — from the smallest subatomic particles to the single living cells, to the complex biological systems of plant, animal, or human life. You may also observe the universe at large: from our planet earth, to the solar and the galactic systems! God is always there, everywhere: the Creator and Fashioner God, Who is Ever-Knowing and Wise, and is Ever-Living and Sustainer.

He is manifest everywhere through His unique capacity to:

1. Initiate: to create matter from nothingness
2. Determine: to determine such unlimited diversity of matter, species, and systems
3. Design: to let each of His creations have its own features and to follow exactly His predestined laws
4. Harmonize: to operate all systems — physical, chemical, and biological —  and balance them in a harmoniously integrated fashion
5. Sustain: to maintain, all the time, all matter existing and functioning in the same predesigned way

Now, back to your question; how to prove these manifest attributes? In fact, a negative answer to each of the following queries would give the proof!

You can follow these arguments:

• Initiation: Could one argue with the ability of God alone to initiate every bit of matter? Or could matter create itself from nothing, or come to existence by an infinitesimally probable chance?
• Determination: Could chance alone produce such overwhelming diversity of chemical structures, biological species, and humankind? Could the diversity of the chemical elements in the periodic table, composed of the same subatomic particles, be the result of electrons, protons, and neutrons deciding for themselves to arrange these ways? From these elements, could the vast chemical and biochemical ones emerge by chaotic hits of chance?
• Design: Could one believe that each and every of the multitude of life systems would decide to function the unique and complex fashions they do, fashions that are much more complex and more precise than huge modern chemical plants? Could the unique genetic "software" implanted in each living cell be self-invented by the components of their DNAs?
• Harmony: Could the overall ecological balance between the biota, atmosphere, earth, and sea — which maintains biological diversity and environmental sustainability — be the product of nature's global "self-accord"?
• Sustenance: Could physical matter, at any level of complexity, deviate from the laws governing and maintaining its existence, properties, and behavior?   

As the rational answer to each of these five questions is a definite NO, then the inevitable clear truth emerges: This universe could only be the creation of One Initiator God, by His determination, according to His super design, such as to follow His laws, and to collectively function in harmony according to a single sustained pattern, with no single deviation or disparity.

This same rationale that tells about the One Ever-Living Creator, Who is Ever-Sustainer and Hegemonic over all creation, similarly refutes those baseless illusions regarding polytheistic gods, whether they were imagined by primitive man or invented by philosophers, all alike.

Throughout history, polytheism took several forms: from the primitive idol gods of ancient Egypt and Greece, to the present Christian and Hindu trinities, which are regarded as polytheissm by Islam. They all fell into the same problem. In other words, the transcendental nature of the Divine in Islam does not accept any other nature of this Divine. Monotheism in Islam means the One and Only God. He is not only one in number, but also in nature. And it is against His monotheistic entity to have Him reflected through different or variable natures, as takes place with other religions.

In his renowned 2001 book, The Hidden Face of God – How Science Reveals the Ultimate Truth, Gerald Schroeder admits that "a single consciousness, a universal wisdom, pervades the universe. … All existence is the experience of this wisdom." He adds that "every particle, every being, from atom to human, appears to represent a level of information, of wisdom." To find an answer to the puzzle from where this information arises, Schroeder concludes that "wisdom, information, and an idea, is the link between the metaphysical creating force and the physical creation. It is the 'hidden' face of God."

It took the atheists 14 centuries to rediscover (not discover) these basic facts — facts that the Qur'an, the eternal word of God, has so repeatedly declared and manifestly expounded. Please go back to the Noble Qur'an and read it. You will find endless verses explaining and emphasizing what was mentioned above.

I hope this answer satisfies you. If you have any other queries, please don't hesitate to write to us again. Thank you and keep in touch.

Salam.

Useful Links:

Knowing God Through Science

Refutation of Atheism

The Story of Creation

More on the Story of Creation

Adam and Eve or Evolution?

Refutation of Darwinism

The Hidden Face of God

Proving the Qur'an Is the Word of God