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Footnotes
| 1 |
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See Hasan Langgulung, "Islamisasai Pendidikan dari Perspektif Metodologi" (Islamization of Education from the Methodological Perspective), paper presented at the National Seminar on Islamization of Education, Department of Education, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, July 14-16, 1998. |
| 2 |
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Ralph W. Tyler, "The Curriculum - Then and Now," in Proceedings of the 1956 Invitational Conference on Testing Problems (Princeton, N.J.: Educational Testing Service, 1957), 79, quoted in Daniel Tanner and L. N. Tanner, Curriculum Development: Theory into Practice (New York: Macmillan Publishing Co, 1980), 16. |
| 3 |
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Ralph W. Tyler, Basic Principles of Curriculum and Instruction (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1975), 1. |
| 4 |
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Othanel B. Smith, W. O. Stanley and J. H. Shores, Fundamentals of Curriculum Development, rev. ed. (New York: Harcourt, 1957).
5. Ibid., 5-6. |
| 5 |
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Ibid., 5-6.
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| 6 |
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D. Halliburton, "Perspectives on the Curriculum." In A. W. Chickering, D. Halliburton, W. H. Bergquist, and J. Lindquist (eds), Developing the College Curriculum (Washington, D.C.: Council for the Advancement of Small Colleges, 1977), 37-50.
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| 7 |
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Tyler, Basic Principles of Curriculum and Instruction, 34.
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| 8 |
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Ibid., 37.
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| 9 |
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The Qur'an (95:4).
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| 10 |
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The Qur'an (89:25; 95:5).
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| 11 |
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See S. M. Naquib Al-Attas, The Concept of Education in Islam (Kuala Lumpur: ISTAC, 1990), which explains lucidly the concepts of man, knowledge, and education.
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| 12 |
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12. I am indebted to Dr. Yedullah Kazmi, Department of Education, for this beautiful analogy.
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| 13 |
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For a further discussion on the integral nature of knowledge, see Wan M. Nor Wan Daud, The Concept of Knowledge in Islam (London: Mansell, 1991), chapter 4.
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| 14 |
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The Concept of Education in Islam. |
| 15 |
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Ibid., 22. |
| 16 |
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AlGhazzali has discussed the issue of the changing meaning of the term fiqh during his time. See The Book of Knowledge, trans. Nabih Amin Faris (Lahore: Ashraf, 1974), 80-83, and alFaruqi in his work Islamization of Knowledge (Washington D.C,: IIIT, 1982), 17-18. |
| 17 |
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Robert E. Mason, Contemporary Educational Theory (New York: David McKay, 1972), 26. |
| 18 |
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Tanner and Tanner, Curriculum Development, 510. |
| 19 |
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S. M. Naquib alAtlas, Islam and Secularism (Kuala Lumpur: Muslim Youth Movement of Malaysia, 1978). |
| 20 |
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Alvin Toffler, The Third Wave (New York: Bantam Book, 1980), 211. |
| 21 |
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S. M. Naquib alAttas (ed), Aims and Objectives of Islamic Education (Jeddah: King Abdulaziz University, 1979), 158-9. Italics added. |
| 22 |
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I am indebted to the person who prepared and distributed this list during the Sixth World Conference on Islamic Education in Capetown, South Africa, 19-25 September 1996. |
| 23 |
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See Rosnani Hashim, "Penyerapan Nilai Murni dalam KBSM" (The Inculcation of Moral Values in the Integrated Curriculum for Secondary Schools [KBSM]), paper presented at the National Seminar on Evaluation of the KBSM, Aminuddin Baki Institute, Layang
Layang, Malaysia, 1997. |
| 24 |
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See Rosnani Hashim, "The Construction of an Islamic based Teacher Education Program," Muslim Education Quarterly, 2 (Winter l997): 57-68. |
| 25 |
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The IIUM teacher education program does pay particular attention to these two domains of teachers' personality through formal halaqah and ibadah camp programs. In a halaqah, students are arranged in groups of 10 and each group meets weekly for at least an hour as scheduled in their class timetable to discuss selected topics of the 'ilm alShari'ah and group counseling. In the ibadah camp, which normally lasts for three days, students listen to talks, participate in workshops, perform congregational prayers, recite wird ma'thurat and the Qur'an and perform qiyam al-layl together. See Rosnani Hashim, The Relevance and Effectiveness of the IIUM Diploma in Education Programme as Perceived by Student Teachers in the 1994/95 Session, unpublished research report. See also M. Sahari Nordin and Rosnani Hashim, "Non-formal Curriculum Programme in IIUM Diploma in Education Programme," paper presented at National Seminar on Teacher Education, Faculty of Education, University Putra Malaysia, 1997. |
| 26 |
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Tyler, 103. |
| 27 |
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Ibid., 106. |
| 28 |
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Ibid., 124. |
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