During the 1980s, Turkish films continued to win
acclaim. One of the many films was "Sürü" (The Herd) which
played for 8 weeks in Zurich and 7 weeks in Basel. At the "London Film
Festival", it was chosen the best from 93 films. At the "Rotterdam
Festival", film critics chose it as one of the year's best three films,
and at the 10th International Antwerp Film Festival it was again given the
"Best Film" award. "Düsman" (The Enemy), a film in
which Yilmaz Güney and Zeki Okten collaborated, is a story about unemployment
and workers' problems and it won the International Catholic Film Organization's
first prize and the "Special Jury” award at the 30th Berlin Film Festival.
Ali Ozgentürk's "Hazal" which depicted village life and the
drama of the lives of village women-folk, won five awards in a row.
"Bereketli Topraklar Uzerinde" (On Fertile Lands) produced by Erden Kiral won the
"Special Jury Prize" at the Nantes Film Festival in France, was presented
with another award by the Elal Crance Cinematheque Association and was
awarded yet another prize at the Strasbourg European Film Festival, a year
later, in 1981. A film by Omer Kavur depicting the world of a child and
told touchingly and exuberantly was given the "Grand Prize" at the
International Milan Film Exhibition.
In 1981, after an interval of two years, the 18th
Antalya Film Festival was held, but no films were considered worthy of the
top prize.
In 1982, Yilmaz Güney and Serif Goren's
film "Yol" (The Road) was chosen as the best film at the 35th
Cannes Film Festival, together with Costa Gavros' film "Missing", and
shared the "Golden Palm" award. In France, at the Hyrres Cinema
Festival, Sinan Cetin's "Bir Günün Hikayesi" (The Story of a Day) won
the "Grand Peoples' Jury Award". Ali Ozgentürk's "At"
(The Horse) was placed third at the
Valencia Mediterranean Countries' Film Festival, and at the 1983 Lecce
International Film Festival in Italy it received the "Best Film Prize".
In 1983, Serif Goren's film "Derman",
depicting the revolt of women over male domination in Turkish villages won the
"Jury Award" at the Valencia Film Festival. It was during this year
that films relating to the identity of women took on new dimensions. More
Turkish Films Weeks were organized in Kuwait and Budapest. The same year Erden
Kiral's film "Hakkari'de bir Mevsim" (A Season in Hakkari),
which dealt with the problems and efforts of an intellectual, who for the
first time is confronted with regional problems, won five awards in a row
at the 33rd Berlin Film Festival. Later the same year, it won yet another
award at the "Corsica 2nd Mediterranean Cultural Film Festival".
1984 saw the founding of the Film Producers' Association.
The same year, A Season in Hakkari was chosen the opening film for the
Los Angeles Olympic Games. "Derman" won more awards at the
International Film Critics' and International Film Club’s Federation at the
24th Karlovy Vary Festival. At the 3rd Mediterranean Cultural Film Festival,
Erden Kiral's "Ayna" (The Mirror) won the "Critics'
Award", and "At" (The Horse) won the prestigious award at the Sao Paulo International Film
Festival.
1985 was a year when comedy films made some progress, among
which was "Zügürt Aga" (The Broken Landlord) by Nesli
Colgeçen, adapted from a work by Yavuz Turgul. It was at this time too that the
Ministry of Culture initiated a series of competitions for three main branches
in the cinema: drama, documentary and animation, offering incentive awards. At
the 25th Karlovy Vary Film Festival, Talat Bulut received the "Best
Character Actor" award from the Prague Cinema Institute for his portrayal
in the film "Derman". The same film won the "Golden
Sword" award at the 4th International Damascus Film Festival. At the 4th
New German Cinema Film Festival, "Hakkari'de bir Mevsim" (A
Season in Hakkari) was chosen as the best film, based on the votes of
audiences. At the 35th International Berlin Festival, Tarik Akan was given a
"Special Mention" for his portrayal in the film, "Pehlivan"
(The Wrestler).
At the 7th International Women's Film Festival in Paris,
"Kasik Düsmani" (My Mate), produced by Bilge Olgaç, won the best
film award and was also presented with the "French Journalists' Special
Press Award". Halil Ergün was chosen best actor by audiences for his role
in this film. At the 1st International Tokyo Film Festival, "At"
(The Horse) won a $250,000 cash prize. At the New York American Film
Festival, a Turco-German production, "Gulibik", won an award
presented by the Educational Film Library Association. While in Portugal,
"Ayna" (The Mirror) won the grand prize at the
International Eiguera Fox Film Festival. Süha Arin's short film
"Kapaliçarsida Kirkbin Adim" (Forty Thousand Steps at the Grand
Bazaar) won the Jury's Award of
Honor at the Tourism Film Festival in Vienna.
In Turkey, the Istanbul Culture
and Art Foundation arranged a special series of days devoted to the
cinema.
In 1986 steps were taken in search of innovations in the cinema which resulted
in some 20 high quality films that invigorated Turkish cinema and once
more drew audiences. The government passed new laws on cinema, video and
music.
In 1988, the Cinema Actors' Association was founded. During
the 7th International Istanbul Cinema Week, the Eczacibasi Foundation Award was
presented to Tunç Basaran for the film "Biri ve Digerleri" (One
and the Others). The 1st Ankara Film Festival was organized and at the
first film contest arranged for the purpose of promoting the younger generation
of directors and producers, Orhan Oguz's film "Her Seye Ragmen"
(Despite Everything) was chosen the best film. At the 5th European Film
Festival in Italy the same year, the jury for the Critics’ Award selected this
film. Prior to this, the same film had been awarded the "Youth Prize
" at the Cannes Film Festival. At the 36th San Sebastian Film
Festival, Yavuz Turgul's film "Muhsin
Bey" (Mr. Muhsin) won the "Special Jury” Prize. At the 37th International Mannheim Film
Festival, the film "Her Seye Ragmen" (Despite Everything)
won the grand cash prize. At the Amiens Film Festival in France Hülya Koçyigit
was chosen the best actress for her part in the film "Bez Bebek"
(The Rag Doll) by Engin Ayça. Films by Yilmaz Güney and other Turkish films
were features of Turkish Cinema Weeks in Paris and Ottawa.
In 1989 Tunç Basaran's "Uçurtmayi Vurmasinlar"
(Don't Let Them Shoot the Kite) film won awards at the Cannes Film
Festival, and also at the Valencia Mediterranean Festival where it won the
second prize and also the "Don Quixote" award of the International
Cinema Club's Federation. At the Valencia festival Zülfü Livaneli won the
"Golden Palm" award for his film "Sis" (Fog). This
award was shared with Goran Markovitch for his film "Meeting Point".
At the Montpeiller Mediterranean Film Festival "Sis" (Fog)
also won the "Golden Antigone Award". Yildiz Kenter won the
"Best Actress" award at the "Corsica Bastia Film Festival"
for the part in Halit Refig's film "Hanim" (Lady). At the
Nantes Film Festival of Three Continents, Reha Erdem's film "A Ay"
(Ah, the Moon) shared second place with the film "Finzan".
Tarlabasi, Tarlabasi" by Hilmi Etkiner won the special Vaud Canton
Architects' and Engineers' Chamber Award at Lausanne and Süha Arin won a
"Special Jury Prize" there for his film "Dünya Durdukça"
(Till Eternity).
In 1990 Halit Refig's film, “Women's Jail” won five
awards together with the Golden Orange award at the 27th Antalya Film
Festival. Yusuf Kurçenli's
“Blackouts”, which received “The Best Turkish Film” award
at the International Istanbul Film Festival, also won the special jury
prize at the 35th International Film Festival held in Valladolid, Spain. At the
10th International Istanbul Film Festival, the film the "Two Headed
Giant" won the special jury prize,
and "The Best Film" award at the 45th Yunus Nadi Award Festival. The
director of the film Orhan Oguz was chosen 'Best Director for Visual
Effects" for the 1990-1991 season of scenarists.
The film "My Cinemas" directed jointly by
Füruzan and Gülsün Karamustafa received the special jury prize at the
International Faejr Film Festival in Iran. 'Berdel' by Atif Yilmaz received the
CICAC award at the 41st International Berlin Cinema Festival.
In 1991 Omer Kavur's film "Hidden Face"
received the Best Film, the Best Scenario (Orhan Pamuk), the Best Actor (Fikret
Kuskan), the Best Music at score (Cahit Berkay), the Best Film Editing (Mevlüt
Koçak) awards at the 28th Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival and also the Best
Film award at the 20th Montreal Film Festival in Canada, Critics' award at the
Bastia Mediterranean Film Festival and the International Art and Trial Cinema
Confederation. 'Piano Piano Kid' by Tunç Basaran won the Best Film
Awards at the 10th International Istanbul Film Festival, the 17th Frankfurt
Film Festival and the Isfahan International Golden Butterfly award and was
found worthy of the CIFEJ award presented in the name of UNICEF, by the Canada
Youth and Children's Film Centre. 'Imdat and Zarife' directed by Nesli Colgeçen,
won the Grand Prize at the Canary Islands International Environment Nature
Films Festival.
General Outlook
For many years, Turkish films
lacked the necessary order and legal measures which were needed to enter
international markets, which was also due to the inability to meet
international standards in the way of technology.
During the 1914-1939 period, only
two cinema studios were active, and the number of films produced,
exclusive of short-subject films and documentaries, barely reached 23. In
the 1940s, five other film studios entered the market, and in 1949, the
number of films produced reached 19.
Towards the end of the 1950s, 16
more new studios were opened and by the 1960s, expansion gained impetus.
In the 1970s this expansion reached inflationary proportions with
corresponding negative effects. In 1980, the quantity of films suddenly
dropped to 68, and towards the end of the 1980s, it rose again.
Turkish films made their
impression on international markets and began to win prizes and awards
with realistic and better quality films, so the industry began to win back
its old audiences. As a result, not only did the number of cinema-goers
begin to increase, but so did investment and state interest. But the
question of compatibility with the Islamic ethics still stands; nudity and
other western morals are shown in the Turkish movies to express the denial
of the Islamic morality.
Art & Entertainment