|
|
|
|

|
| |
|
Bitterness,
Accusations & Muslim Denial:
Aceh
|

|
|
A young Acehnese refugee |
Well,
here we go again. Another secular regime in a Muslim country chooses
to smash a religious community, for reasons economic, political or
otherwise, while the Western world merely provides, at best, the
silence necessary to perpetuate the murder, or at worst, the guns
necessary to conduct the slaughter.
“Whatever
is he referring to?” cry faceless Westerners, tired of hearing
about how their government is responsible for this or that atrocity,
in this or that country, about how their government fuels hatred of
the West in the Muslim world, and all that other disturbing stuff
the polls point to but the policymakers ignore.
I
refer to a nasty little conflict currently raging in South East
Asia. I refer to the war in Aceh.
“Now,
what do we have to do with any of that? Why accuse us?” they
cry.
But
of course I accuse you.
I
take issue with the apathy that afflicts democratic societies when
their government is complicit in repression and terror |
|
I
accuse the government of the UK of being an accessory to murder,
selling Hawk fighter jets and Scorpion tanks to the Indonesian
military (TNI), an army notorious for brutality and wanton violence,
cited for humanitarian abuses by countless NGOs, planes and tanks
currently being used to terrorize and kill and maim countless
Achenese.
I
accuse the Australian administration of hypocrisy, throwing its
weight behind the separation of East Timor from Indonesia, but
condemning the separation of Aceh on the grounds that it would cause
“instability.”
I
accuse the United States administration of flagrant and unrepentant
hypocrisy, all but disregarding the bloodshed in favor of forging
stronger ties with the Indonesian government in an effort to secure
its support in the epic war on terror.
But
it’s not just about Aceh and Indonesia. It’s bigger than that.
Flashback.
|

|
|
Acehnese
women and children await the arrival of supplies, watched by
Indonesian soldiers
|
Summer
of ’99. Walking past the American embassy in Grosvenor Square,
London, I’m handed a flyer by a grim-faced young man, a protestor,
a harbinger of the dozens more that would soon amass in front of the
embassy. The flyer condemned the killing of the East Timorese,
condemned the Indonesian government’s role in their plight. The
call would be taken up around the world; the demonstrations would
continue in many countries and at many different embassies, rallying
diplomatic support for the cause.
I
ask myself, admittedly with some bitterness, whether that protestor
is currently camped out in front of that same embassy. Highly
unlikely, given the fact that the flyer was issued by a group called
Christian Knights or Soldiers of something-or-other. I also seem to
recall it made explicit reference to the persecution of the Christian
East Timorese.
Do
you not realize that it is these types of stances that resulted in
September 11? |
|
Fair
enough: to each his own. I accept that the preservation of Christian
life will understandably take priority over Muslim life for some,
but not all, Christians, all other things held equal. More so when
it’s an issue of Muslims killing each other versus Muslims and
Christians killing each other. I can have no objection to that
principle.
However,
I reserve the right to take issue with the apparent apathy that
afflicts otherwise proactive democratic societies when their elected
governments are complicit in repression, terror, the illegitimate
use of force, and death and destruction visited on the Muslim
nation.
It
makes no difference whether your government merely handed over the
cash that bought the weapons that killed our innocents. It makes no
difference whether your government made the state sign a
“gentleman’s agreement” that they wouldn’t use the
instruments of death they sold them against university students. It
makes no difference whether the despot your government gave the
money/weapons to is allegedly Muslim. It makes no difference whether
the dictator your government props up is “better” than Saddam.
|

|
|
The
dreaded TNI on patrol |
The
West’s done a good PR job on us, to a certain extent. Enough
Muslims are aware that the US, the UK, etc, are democratic and free.
Which makes it considerably easier for some to resent the people of
these countries for not assuming the responsibilities their freedom
entails by preventing their elected governments from exporting death
and ruin to our lands directly, or indirectly, through our own
home-grown dictators who happen to be chummy with your government.
So
when, in the wake of 9/11, some imbecile spouts jingoistic garbage
like “They hate us because we’re beautiful,” the automatic
response is, no, you’ve missed the point entirely.
But
I digress.
Undoubtedly,
the clash in Aceh will further fuel the perception that the “war
on terror” is actually a crusade, due to the apparent interest of
the Western world in separating a predominantly-Christian territory
from Indonesia, but merely tsk-tsking at the ravaging of the
conservatively Muslim Aceh.
How
many years of belligerent occupation are required before an
occupier’s claim over an independent land is afforded international
recognition? |
|
I
don't know how Islamic GAM is. I am more interested in the fact that
the Acehnese are religious, and that they fought for the application
of and currently apply Shari'a law, whereas Indonesia does not. I am
interested in the fact that Indonesia allows multinational oil
corporations like Exxon-Mobil to drain the wealth of Aceh with a fat
profit (a tidy $ 1 billion annually) for the central Indonesian
government while the Acehnese get nothing. I am interested in that
the brutal TNI has once again been unleashed to rampage through
civilian villages, and that while the West protested and screamed
about the killing of Christians in East Timor, it chooses to mostly
ignore the killing of Muslims in Aceh. “After all,” they
would say, “it’s the Muslim government of Indonesia that’s
doing the killing. That puts it out of the West’s purview, does it
not?”
Again,
not, I would suggest, when the West arms or funds the governments
doing the killing. Not when the West allows it’s corporations to
reap fat profits from the repression being perpetrated against
people.
Do
you not realize that it is these types of stances that resulted in
September 11?
|

|
|
Acehnese
families bury another victim of the TNI
|
You
cannot support tyrants, you cannot arm tyrants, you cannot turn a
blind eye to tyrants torturing and killing and expect their victims
to never look at you with hate, to latch onto you as one wellspring
of their misery and pain.
“Ah,
tyrants you say! But Megawati is no tyrant. Quite the opposite:
She’s a democratically elected president.”
The
distinction, I would respond, is lost on the Acehnese collecting the
bullet-riddled corpses of their loved ones from the rice paddies.
Media
personnel who don’t toe the official line or who report on what
GAM has to say about any of this are harassed and threatened. So are
human rights and aid workers (a new law means aid will now be
distributed by “martial law administrators”). It’s an
intelligent approach, really: cut Aceh off from the outside world to
ensure minimum public outcry. This in parallel with the demonization
of GAM with a trite but strangely effective method of media
manipulation: Blame GAM for everything. Allow me to explain.
Early
on in the conflict, almost 300 of Aceh’s schools were
systematically burned down. Government’s response: Blame GAM.
Makes sense. You’re trying to separate and form your own state,
the first thing you do is raze it to the ground. A few days ago,
mass graves, a hallmark of the TNI during the good ol’ days in
East Timor, were discovered in Aceh. Government’s response? Blame
GAM.
A
pattern emerges.
Doubts
have been voiced as to whether Islam meant to maintain the stability
of dictatorships |
|
A
question often comes to mind when dealing with the West’s
standards of what exactly constitutes a claim to statehood: How many
years of belligerent occupation are required to elapse before an
occupier’s territorial claim over a hitherto independent land is
afforded international recognition?
A
Jewish claim to Palestine was almost immediately recognized,
although a majority of Arabs had inhabited the land for centuries.
Russia’s claim to Chechnya is barely disputed, despite the fact
that it’s based on over a century of war and occupation. On the
other hand, East Timor remained under occupation for a couple of
decades, but Indonesia’s claim was recognized as being
illegitimate. Aceh was an independent and diplomatically recognized
Kingdom for several centuries until Dutch colonialism reared its
ugly head. Aceh was then basically handed over to Indonesia
following the Netherlands’ withdrawal in 1949, in that quaint and
time-honored practice of colonial powers of slicing up states in
accordance with their mapmaker’s whims. Thus was the stage set for
years of war. However, almost no one accepts Aceh’s claims to
independence.
Ironically,
Aceh is also suffering because of East Timor’s independence.
Indonesians, particularly the TNI, are exceptionally bitter over the
loss of East Timor, and are thus doubly determined to hold onto
what’s left of Indonesia to the bitter end.
|

|
|
An
Australian protestor in Jakarta puts Muslims to shame during a
protest against the invasion of Aceh
|
And
through it all, many decent, God-fearing Indonesians, being misled
by their government, will believe that the Acehnese separatists are
being controlled by outside forces trying to divide Indonesia,
probably Jews or Americans they'll think, not knowing that by
crushing those poor people they best serve the interests of
corporate America and a foreign policy hostile to conservative
Islam. These Indonesians will believe that all those civilians being
butchered, all those villages being burnt down, all those crimes are
being perpetrated by the 5,000 strong GAM, not the 50,000-man
Indonesian army currently deployed in Aceh that has a record of
murder and abuse.
“Well,
look, the Acehnese are being unreasonable! After all, they were
generously offered autonomy and a whole 70% of revenues from the
sale of their energy resources. What more can they ask for?”
Independence.
They can ask for the independence only a people who have been
colonized and ruled by a brutal military dictatorship for so long
can truly appreciate. Oh, and as to those “generous” offers you
mentioned? They were never implemented. The necessary legislation
never went through, and regardless, gas production is expected to
run out within ten years or so, according to a Congressional
Research Service report on “Indonesian Separatist Movement in
Aceh.”
Washington
needs cooperation in its war against the scourge of Terror. If that
comes at the cost of a few charred corpses in the jungle, so be it. |
|
The
war in Aceh also prompts a crisis in Islamic jurisprudence, or fiqh.
As a general rule, Muslims are discouraged from pursuing separatist
agendas that threaten the unity of the Ummah, or greater
Muslim nation. As such, you will often hear Muslim scholars hasten
to condemn any movement perceived to be “separatist.” The
crisis, however, lies in the all-too frequent cases where the
separation is attempted on religious grounds. To put it another way,
serious and legitimate doubts have been voiced as to whether it was
the stability of secular, despotic, military dictatorships Islam
meant to maintain when such edicts were issued.
Alternatively,
one wonders if perhaps Muslim communities that have suffered so
terribly and for so long would be entitled to our moral support in
their struggle for independence. They are troubling questions to
which one sees little likelihood of a straightforward resolution.
It
is difficult to be optimistic in these times we live in, and one has
learned to see nothing heartening in most developments. However,
perhaps it is worth noting what official reaction there has been to
the massacres taking place in Aceh.
According
to the Guardian, the UK has protested the use of its
Scorpions and Hawks in Aceh, and has threatened to deny Jakarta
spare parts. Perhaps I am not alone in believing this situation can
be summed up as “too little, too late.” My earlier accusation
stands. You sell weapons to a brutal military with an atrocious
human rights record and then whine when they use it to kill
civilians. How appropriate.
The
US: Powell’s waffling speech to the recent ASEAN forum, where he
allegedly found blame on both sides, conceals a much more decisive
stance: According to the same Congressional Service Report cited,
the US is actively pursuing a restoration of its links with the TNI,
in the aftermath of East Timor. As such, US counter-terrorism
training has been instituted for the TNI, with a $50 million package
being granted Indonesia in August of last year. Remember, Washington
needs cooperation in its war against the scourge of Terror. If that
comes at the cost of a few charred corpses in the jungle, so be it.
ASEAN,
of course, decided to call for a peaceful resolution while ensuring
that steps be taken to deny the Acehnese weapons. Naturally, peace
will ensue once GAM runs out of ammunition and the TNI is done
running amok through Aceh.
Australia.
Ah well, Australia’s all action now, what with Bali and all that.
Decisive. And so, a resounding Australian “No” to Acehnese
independence. Naturally, East Timor was a whole different ballgame.
As Alexander Downer, Australia’s foreign minister, puts it, the
separation of Aceh would create, God forbid, “instability,” and
would be dangerous to Indonesia. And we’ve all just had as much
instability as we can take now, eh?
According
to BBC Online, Downer finds that there are enough problems in the
region, and that we needn’t compound them by the dissolution of
Indonesia. East Timor was, conveniently, enough. Aceh would be the
straw that broke the camel’s back. As such, the rebels should lay
down their arms and get back to the negotiating table, though it is
worth noting the Indonesian government has a nasty habit of
arresting Acehnese negotiators.
It’s
a sad day for Muslims. We cannot live in denial anymore. It’s
about time we woke up to reality. Not all evil comes from outside.
Evil comes also from the despots and corrupt dictators who rule us
with alien laws, laws that are frequently antithetical to our
beliefs and values, even though many of these dictators are merely
puppets of the West. Nationalism has become a curse afflicting
Islam, the nationalism that blinds people to crimes committed in the
name of country or nation.
Muslims,
stop the killing in Aceh. No one will do it for us. Do not look
Westward. The West does not care. It is time we learned to save
ourselves.
Azizuddin
El-Kaissouni is
staff writer for IslamOnline. A graduate of the American University
in Cairo, he holds a BA in Political Science with a specialization
in International Law. He frequently writes about Muslim affairs
around the world. You can reach him at azizuddin@islam-online.net.
|
|
|
|
|
|