"Eat and drink of that which Allah has provided and do not act
corruptly, making mischief on the
earth." Quran (2:60)
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Hundreds
of halal food stores have cropped up in North America
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North American Muslims have in recent years seen the number of Islamic-oriented
food stores double in number. Drive down Dundas Street in Mississauga, Canada,
or take a stroll through Dearborn, Michigan and you will see nearly hundreds of
halal food and meat stores festooning the area.
New Jersey in 2000, for example, became the first state to pass a consumer
protection law that specifically deals with issues of halal food. The law
established guidelines that sellers and distributors must follow when labeling
foods as halal.
Living an Islamic way of life, it seemed, was becoming easier in North America.
That perception may have been shattered by a series of events in late May, which
until now were virtually undiscovered and kept under wraps.
Mad Cow Disease in Canada
On
May 20, Canadian authorities announced that an eight-year old Alberta cow had
fallen to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), otherwise known as Mad Cow
Disease. Canada's Agriculture Minister, Lyle Vanclief, immediately went into
damage control to assert that the Alberta cow would not be allowed into the food
chain. Thousands of cows and other livestock were subsequently destroyed
throughout Canada while Japan, the United States and other countries slapped an
import ban on Canadian meat products.
While scientific research suggests that one in every million cows may develop
BSE sporadically when brain proteins become toxic, the outbreak of BSE in
Britain in the late 1980s was attributed to improper feeding practices -- cows
and other livestock were fed the remains of other farm animals.
When humans ingest meat from an animal with BSE, they contract the human form of
the disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and suffer paralysis and death.
Since 1997, Canada has banned the feeding of rendered protein products from
ruminant animals (cattle, sheep, goats, bison, elk or deer) to other animals.
Farm feed that is prohibited to livestock and ruminant animals is marked 'Do not
feed to cattle, sheep, deer or other ruminants'.
The prospect of BSE in Canadian livestock and the quarantine of several thousand
heads of cattle have raised alarm bells in Muslim communities throughout Canada.
While the halal standard monitored and adjudicated the slaughter of cattle
according to strict Islamic principles, there has been to date no formalized
mechanism to monitor feeding practices.
Animal Feeding in Islam
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A
slaughtered animal is considered halal if its feed is also halal
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Many
Muslims are in fact not even aware that halal classification, according to the
Quran, goes beyond merely monitoring the proper method of animal slaughter.
In accordance with strict Islamic law and guidelines, a slaughtered animal is
considered halal when its feed is also considered halal; feed therefore plays an
important role in halal classification. Feed for animals must be from a
vegetable source; no meat feed is allowed.
Furthermore, the now popularly-administered growth hormones are not allowed
because they are made with pork-based material. The prevalent method of stunning
should be avoided. Blood must also be fully drained from the slaughtered animal.
Sheikh Ahmad Kutty, a Canadian Islamic scholar, says that the issue of proper
feeding of livestock never occurred to him or other Islamic institutions prior
to the BSE outbreak.
"This issue provides a challenge for us Muslims to ensure that our Islamic
standards are enforced not only in slaughtering animals but also, even more
importantly, in the way they are bred and treated," he told this writer.
Kutty charged that feeding is a central issue and should take precedence over
other matters of contention regarding what may be considered halal.
"[Feeding] is far more crucial and important from a shari'ah point of view
than the customary issues often raised by the Muslims such as machine slaughter
versus hand slaughter; stunning or not stunning or whether one can eat what is
slaughtered by people of the book (Christians, Jews, and Sabaeans)," he
explained.
California-based Ahmad Sakr, professor emeritus of Food Science and author of
"Understanding Halal Food" and "A Muslim Guide to Food
Ingredients" recently told soundvision.com that some halal meats may
actually not be halal at all, primarily because of what the animal is fed.
"Islam dictates that if an animal has received meat and/or blood while it
was halal, it becomes haram and in order to become Halal you have to put that
animal in a quarantine area for 40 days before you slaughter it to make it
Halal," Sakr said.
Have Muslim communities taken any steps to monitor feeding practices?
"This is beyond our control, it is a government issue and they regulate
feeding practices," says Ehsan Sairally, Canadian representative of the
Islamic Food and Nutrition Council of America (IFANCA).
Sairally urged Muslim communities in Ontario not to confuse the issue of BSE
with halal, pointing out that BSE has struck only one cow in North America
(Alberta) to date. He stressed that Ontario beef and meats were safe and fully
halal, citing differing legislation between Ontario and Alberta, where the BSE
disease was first detected.
Animal Feed Not Safe in North America
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In
2000, New Jersey became the first state to pass a consumer protection law
specifically dealing with halal food issues
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However,
Canada and the United States secretly allow dead animals to be fed to live ones,
some quarters charge. A May 27 Washington Post report says that there are
loopholes that allow some dead animals to be ground up and fed to livestock. The
1997 ban does not prevent proteins from dead animals to be fed to poultry, hogs
and pigs.
On May 28, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) reported that "meat
and bone meal potentially containing material from the infected cow was used in
the production of dog food. There is no risk to human health from handling this
product."
Three quarantined British Columbia farms under "ongoing animal feed
investigation" will have their livestock (60 animals) depopulated
(destroyed) because "it could not conclusively be determined that ruminant
animals on these premises were not inadvertently exposed to poultry feed".
"We [Muslims] are allowed only to feed cattle and livestock diets that are
natural for them as a species, not bits of animals or diets made of animal
fats," says Sheikh Kutty.
BSE will likely open up a whole new area for debate in Canada's Muslim
community, which have until recently focused exclusively on slaughter methods in
determining whether meats are halal.
Firas Al-Atraqchi
holds an MA in Journalism and Mass Communication. He is a Canadian
journalist with eleven years of experience covering Middle East issues, oil
and gas markets, and the telecom industry. You can reach him at
firas6544@rogers.com.
