1-

Etienne, Bruno. L'islamisme radical. Paris: Hachette, 1987, 219.

2-

Vatin, Jean-Claude. "Popular Puritanism versus State Reformism: Islam in Algeria." In Islam in the Political Process, edited by James Piscatori. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983, 111.

3-

Kouini, Mohamed. "Turbulence chez les islamistes." El Watan, 10 Octobre 1990.

4-

Sahnoun, Ahmad. "mata' nataharar min thaqafat al-must'amar?" al-Aslam, 12 October 1989, 32; See also, 'Abd al-Majid, Wahid. "'Amaliyya al-intiqal ila at-ta'addudiyya as-siyasiyya fil-Jaza'ir." al-Manar, No. 53, 37.

5-

See L'Evenement du Jeudi, 13 au 19 octobre 1988, 6-12.

6-

Tlemcani, Rachid. "Chadli's Perestroika." Middle East Report, March-April 1990, 14.

7-

Ruedy, John. Modern Algeria: The Origins and Development of a Nation. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1992, 252.

8-

"Islamisme: si l'Algerie bascule." L'Express, 9 fevrier 1990, 27.

9-

Noakes, Greg. "Algerian FIS Spokesman Calls For Bridge Between West and Islam," Washington Report On Middle East Affairs, November 1992, 41.

10-

On the issue of women's role in society, for instance, Madani has said, "The woman represents an important force in the society. It is impossible to marginalize her." Belhadj, however, declared, "The woman is a producer of men. She does not produce material goods." For Madani's comments, see "Assembler le peuple autour des valeurs de l'Islam." El Moudjahid, 25 mars 1990, 24. For Belhadj's remarks, see "Le precheur de Bab el-Oued." L'Express, 9 fevrier 1990, 26.

11-

For electoral results, see El Moudjahid, 16 juin 1990, 3; and Revolution Africaine, 21-27 juin 1990, 34-35.

12-

Kouini, "Turbulence."

13-

"Algerie: la verite en face." L?Express, 22 mars 1991, 25.

14-

Levy, Elisabeth. "L?arroseur arrose." Jeune Afrique, 5 au 11 juin 1991, 29.

15-

Ibid., 29.

16-

Gibbins, Peggy. "Algeria's trial of strength." The Middle East, July 1991, 30-31; See also Kaidi, Hamza. "La democratie en etat de siege." Jeune Afrique,12 au 18 juin 1991, 5.

17-

Ghazi, Siavosh. "A chacun son FIS." Jeune Afrique, 11 au 17 septembre 1991, 24; See also Hiett, Peter. "Crack-down on the militants." Middle East International, 12 July 1991, 6.

18-

Hiett, 7.

19-

Kaidi, Hamza. "La guerre des imams." Jeune Afrique, 17 au 23 juillet 1991, 21.

20-

Ghazi, 24-25.

21-

Algiers Radio, 30 December 1991.

22-

The Algerian Interior Ministry acknowledged on 15 March 1992 that 8,891 people had been arrested as of 10 March. FIS estimates cited 20,000 detainees.

23-

"Mumaris al'unf mashkuk fi wataniatihi wa tadinihi wa 'aqlihi." al-Majalla, 14 July 1992.

24-

Esposito, John. Islam and Politics. 2nd ed. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1987, 147.

25-

See Enayet, Hamid. Modern Islamic Political Thought. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1982, 101-110.