Islamic Movements at the End of the 20th Century: Where Now? 

It is possible to discern certain trends and characteristics in the evolution of Islamic movements from which we can extrapolate a few inferences about future developments. First, though, some definitions are in order. 

I have taken "Islamic movements" here to mean those with a political agenda, those movements sometimes called "Islamist" or "political Islam" and, by their enemies, "fundamentalist." As a matter of convenient shorthand, I will be referring to those Islamic movements with a political agenda as "Islamist." 

This is not a particularly satisfactory term, but it is far better than "fundamentalist," a word borrowed from the Christian vocabulary.

• Where Now? 

• Differing Relations with the State 

• The Future 

• Groups that are in power 

• Islamist Groups Excluded from the System   

 

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