Fourth Geneva Convention:

- defines "unlawful deportation or transfer or unlawful confinement of a protected person" as a grave breach of the Convention and therefore a war crime. (Article 147).
- prohibits "[c]ollective penalties and likewise all measures of intimidation" as well as "[r]eprisals against protected persons and their property." (Article 33)
- stipulates that: "Individuals or mass forcible transfers, as well as deportations of protected persons form occupied territories to the territory of the Occupying Power or to that of any other country, occupied or not, are prohibited, regardless of their motives". (Article 49)
- states that: "Protected persons accused of offences shall be detained in the occupied country, and if convicted they shall serve their sentence therein". (Article 76)