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Point/Counterpoint
Free Expression and the Sacred: Should There Be Limits?
Basic
Boundaries
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By
Felicity Arbuthnot**
Journalist – London
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May.
11, 2006
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With
the ongoing worldwide discussions that were triggered by the
recent publications of cartoons that ridiculed Prophet Muhammad
in the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten, and with
IslamOnline.net's continued commitment to dialogue as a stepping
stone for understanding, the Muslim Affairs section introduces
this heated debate between British journalist Felicity Arbuthnot
and American cartoonist Signe Wilkinson over whether there
should be limits on freedom of expression when it comes to the
sacred in religions.
You
too can take part in the debate. Send us your comments/feedback
to cartoondebate@islamonline.net
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Every
night is Die Kristellnacht1 for
Iraq. |
This
is no longer about limits on freedom of speech. It has for too
long been about demonization. Insulting something dearly held is
not freedom of expression. It is not humor. Further, freedom of
speech is being eroded in a truly McCarthyite way under Bush and
Blair, and civil rights are negated with people disappearing and
going unaccounted for by the State in a terrifying way.
Islam
is demonizable because this is the new "enemy" for a
super power always in search of enemies. That this whole shaming
saga started in Denmark is historically sad. In World War II,
Denmark was the brave little mouse that roared.
You
refer to a cartoon about a Miss World contest in Africa that you
say enraged your Muslim readers because it pointed out that
radical Muslims prevented women from voting and from school, and
stoned women to death. The misconception is that Islam is one
homogenous group from Indonesia to Africa, from the Middle East
to Asia. The fact is that every societal or religious
denomination has moderate, devout, non-practicing, and extremist
members — not to mention various interpretations; and
differing scales of education, wisdom, and ignorance. Some
devout African Christians believe in child demon possession
(Indeed, we have had cases here in the United Kingdom). In
extreme cases, the child is sacrificed. Would you draw a cartoon
of a black person sacrificing a child?
| Would
you draw a Shylock-like Jewish prophet in a skullcap, with a
grenade? |
At
the privileged end of the scale (I hesitate to say educated) the
president of the United States believes God told him to attack
Afghanistan and Iraq. His Secretary of State — upon her visit
to the United Kingdom — told the BBC that the Crusade to
bestow American values on the Middle East would democratize
Baghdad, Beirut, Cairo, and Tehran. In Baghdad and Afghanistan
most of the entire ancient history of our humanity is destroyed,
culture and lives reduced to meaningless.
It
is being argued that now even the dearness, the reverence, and
the supplication of a deep, life-shaping religion, built on
peace, can be attacked. Every night is Die Kristellnacht
for Iraq and Afghanistan. Would you draw a Shylock-like Jewish
prophet in a skullcap, with a grenade? Families in Iraq, a
Muslim country, are being incinerated almost daily; their Qur'an
is routinely defiled; and now their Prophet is being insulted.
You
refer to a lady in hijab, who, when asked if she would force
another women to wear one, said, "Well, if it were for her
own good." Your interpretation was someone else deciding
for you what you should wear. Is it possible in that brief
encounter to understand what she meant? Isn't it possible that
in her culture there are courtesies that we in the West are
often unaware of? That within her culture she might have advised
you of those if you have been in a certain situation — a
conservative area, meeting, or home; or the honor of an
invitation to a Mosque, for example?
The
tragedy of the Twin Towers is labeled a Muslim act and used to
threaten to invade wherever, whenever the US administration
pleases (as long as it is oil- and gas-rich, and strategically
useful). It is not known if the perpetrators were practicing
Muslims or in truth who they were for certain.
| Respect
for the diversity of cultures and religions is a basic boundary.
It does not need writing down. It is called civilization. |
Maybe
they were simply as tragically angry, hopeless, and futureless
as the home-grown Americans who detonated the State Building on
Oklahoma, or the numerous disaffected, as at Columbine High
School students, who shoot up their teachers and fellow pupils.
Yet, they are not labeled "Christian" killers.
Americans,
in fact, gave countless thousands of dollars to the Irish
Republican Army (IRA) — regardless of the rights and wrongs of
that struggle. London, Dublin, and Belfast were bombed. The
United Kingdom did not bomb New York or Washington; or even
Dublin or Armagh (reputed IRA stronghold). Neither Catholicism
nor Protestantism were ridiculed. However, cartoons lampooned
public figures relentlessly.
You
use Bush's and Blair's expression when you talk of
"fanatics" in the name of religion who "try to
hijack our freedoms." Christian fundamentalists going to
Iraq wearing T-shirts depicting someone sitting astride the
globe with a Bible in one hand and a crucifix in the other
sounds pretty fundamentalist to most. As does the Archbishop of
Canterbury's former Envoy to Iraq, Canon Andrew White,
suggesting walling off ancient Nineveh in northern Iraq and
turning it into an entire Christian enclave. Imagine if Muslims
did the equivalent, suggesting a walled enclave in the West.
Far
right politics is dictating — overtly or covertly — that
Muslims are treated as the fascists treated the Jews. It is
being shamefully drip fed into the public psyche. On March 29,
2006, soldier Jody Casey (fresh from "liberated Iraq")
told Inigo Gillmore and Theresa Smith of The Guardian of
their training. This of course comes straight from the Pentagon.
"They ... jam it into your head 'this is a hajji, this is a
hajji'! You totally take the human being out of it and turn them
in to a videogame." He continued, "if you start
looking at them as humans and stuff like that how are you going
to kill them?" What monsters are "our" values
breeding?
There
are boundaries that are basics: courtesy and respect for the
richness of the diversities of cultures with which the world has
been honored. Those are the building blocks of our common
humanity. They should be within our being and that being should
be built on respect. Attacking or making fun of any religion
falls without this. It does not need writing down. It is called
civilization. Our duty in the media is to defend it with all our
might without bias. Quis custodiet ipsos custodes? (Who shall
guard the guardians?)
As
I was writing this I remembered an incident. I interviewed a
widower who lost his wife and baby in the bombing of the
Ameriyah Shelter in Baghdad, in which hundreds of people —
mostly women and children — were incinerated. Before I left, I
asked if I might take a photograph of him in the garden. I had
taken my shoes off to enter the house and, as we reached the
doorway, he kicked his backless indoor mules off for me to wear
outside in order to save me putting on my more awkward ones. I
literally walked in the shoes of one who had suffered so much. A
small, huge, haunting, and gentle gesture.
That
we are having this debate on IslamOnline.net is an honor and a
great opportunity for exploring and understanding. However, I
believe it shames a faction of Western society that it is
necessary. We should all be simply able to walk in the shoes of
others.
**
Felicity Arbuthnot is
a journalist and activist who has visited the Arab and Muslim
world on numerous occasions. She has written and broadcast
widely on Iraq, her coverage of which was nominated for
several awards. She was also Senior Researcher for John
Pilger's award-winning documentary Paying
the Price: Killing the Children of Iraq.
1-
It is known in English as the "Night of Broken Glass." It
is the night of November 9, 1938, a night on which attacks were
carried out against Jews in Germany and Austria. It is argued that
it portended the events of the Holocaust.
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