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Bitterness, Accusations & Muslim Denial: Aceh

By Azizuddin El-Kaissouni
Staff writer – IslamOnline

2/07/2003

A young Acehnese refugee 

Well, here we go again. Another secular regime in a Muslim country chooses to smash a religious community, for reasons economic, political or otherwise, while the Western world merely provides, at best, the silence necessary to perpetuate the murder, or at worst, the guns necessary to conduct the slaughter.

Whatever is he referring to?” cry faceless Westerners, tired of hearing about how their government is responsible for this or that atrocity, in this or that country, about how their government fuels hatred of the West in the Muslim world, and all that other disturbing stuff the polls point to but the policymakers ignore.

I refer to a nasty little conflict currently raging in South East Asia. I refer to the war in Aceh.

Now, what do we have to do with any of that? Why accuse us?” they cry.

But of course I accuse you.


I take issue with the apathy that afflicts democratic societies when their government is complicit in repression and terror


I accuse the government of the UK of being an accessory to murder, selling Hawk fighter jets and Scorpion tanks to the Indonesian military (TNI), an army notorious for brutality and wanton violence, cited for humanitarian abuses by countless NGOs, planes and tanks currently being used to terrorize and kill and maim countless Achenese.

I accuse the Australian administration of hypocrisy, throwing its weight behind the separation of East Timor from Indonesia, but condemning the separation of Aceh on the grounds that it would cause “instability.”

I accuse the United States administration of flagrant and unrepentant hypocrisy, all but disregarding the bloodshed in favor of forging stronger ties with the Indonesian government in an effort to secure its support in the epic war on terror.

But it’s not just about Aceh and Indonesia. It’s bigger than that.

Flashback.

Acehnese women and children await the arrival of supplies, watched by Indonesian soldiers

Summer of ’99. Walking past the American embassy in Grosvenor Square, London, I’m handed a flyer by a grim-faced young man, a protestor, a harbinger of the dozens more that would soon amass in front of the embassy. The flyer condemned the killing of the East Timorese, condemned the Indonesian government’s role in their plight. The call would be taken up around the world; the demonstrations would continue in many countries and at many different embassies, rallying diplomatic support for the cause.

I ask myself, admittedly with some bitterness, whether that protestor is currently camped out in front of that same embassy. Highly unlikely, given the fact that the flyer was issued by a group called Christian Knights or Soldiers of something-or-other. I also seem to recall it made explicit reference to the persecution of the Christian East Timorese.


Do you not realize that it is these types of stances that resulted in September 11?


Fair enough: to each his own. I accept that the preservation of Christian life will understandably take priority over Muslim life for some, but not all, Christians, all other things held equal. More so when it’s an issue of Muslims killing each other versus Muslims and Christians killing each other. I can have no objection to that principle.

However, I reserve the right to take issue with the apparent apathy that afflicts otherwise proactive democratic societies when their elected governments are complicit in repression, terror, the illegitimate use of force, and death and destruction visited on the Muslim nation.

It makes no difference whether your government merely handed over the cash that bought the weapons that killed our innocents. It makes no difference whether your government made the state sign a “gentleman’s agreement” that they wouldn’t use the instruments of death they sold them against university students. It makes no difference whether the despot your government gave the money/weapons to is allegedly Muslim. It makes no difference whether the dictator your government props up is “better” than Saddam.

The dreaded TNI on patrol

The West’s done a good PR job on us, to a certain extent. Enough Muslims are aware that the US, the UK, etc, are democratic and free. Which makes it considerably easier for some to resent the people of these countries for not assuming the responsibilities their freedom entails by preventing their elected governments from exporting death and ruin to our lands directly, or indirectly, through our own home-grown dictators who happen to be chummy with your government.

So when, in the wake of 9/11, some imbecile spouts jingoistic garbage like “They hate us because we’re beautiful,” the automatic response is, no, you’ve missed the point entirely.

But I digress.

Undoubtedly, the clash in Aceh will further fuel the perception that the “war on terror” is actually a crusade, due to the apparent interest of the Western world in separating a predominantly-Christian territory from Indonesia, but merely tsk-tsking at the ravaging of the conservatively Muslim Aceh.


How many years of belligerent occupation are required before an occupier’s claim over an independent land is afforded international recognition?


I don't know how Islamic GAM is. I am more interested in the fact that the Acehnese are religious, and that they fought for the application of and currently apply Shari'a law, whereas Indonesia does not. I am interested in the fact that Indonesia allows multinational oil corporations like Exxon-Mobil to drain the wealth of Aceh with a fat profit (a tidy $ 1 billion annually) for the central Indonesian government while the Acehnese get nothing. I am interested in that the brutal TNI has once again been unleashed to rampage through civilian villages, and that while the West protested and screamed about the killing of Christians in East Timor, it chooses to mostly ignore the killing of Muslims in Aceh. “After all,” they would say, “it’s the Muslim government of Indonesia that’s doing the killing. That puts it out of the West’s purview, does it not?

Again, not, I would suggest, when the West arms or funds the governments doing the killing. Not when the West allows it’s corporations to reap fat profits from the repression being perpetrated against people.

Do you not realize that it is these types of stances that resulted in September 11?

Acehnese families bury another victim of the TNI

You cannot support tyrants, you cannot arm tyrants, you cannot turn a blind eye to tyrants torturing and killing and expect their victims to never look at you with hate, to latch onto you as one wellspring of their misery and pain.

Ah, tyrants you say! But Megawati is no tyrant. Quite the opposite: She’s a democratically elected president.

The distinction, I would respond, is lost on the Acehnese collecting the bullet-riddled corpses of their loved ones from the rice paddies.

Media personnel who don’t toe the official line or who report on what GAM has to say about any of this are harassed and threatened. So are human rights and aid workers (a new law means aid will now be distributed by “martial law administrators”). It’s an intelligent approach, really: cut Aceh off from the outside world to ensure minimum public outcry. This in parallel with the demonization of GAM with a trite but strangely effective method of media manipulation: Blame GAM for everything. Allow me to explain.

Early on in the conflict, almost 300 of Aceh’s schools were systematically burned down. Government’s response: Blame GAM. Makes sense. You’re trying to separate and form your own state, the first thing you do is raze it to the ground. A few days ago, mass graves, a hallmark of the TNI during the good ol’ days in East Timor, were discovered in Aceh. Government’s response? Blame GAM.

A pattern emerges.


Doubts have been voiced as to whether Islam meant to maintain the stability of dictatorships


A question often comes to mind when dealing with the West’s standards of what exactly constitutes a claim to statehood: How many years of belligerent occupation are required to elapse before an occupier’s territorial claim over a hitherto independent land is afforded international recognition?

A Jewish claim to Palestine was almost immediately recognized, although a majority of Arabs had inhabited the land for centuries. Russia’s claim to Chechnya is barely disputed, despite the fact that it’s based on over a century of war and occupation. On the other hand, East Timor remained under occupation for a couple of decades, but Indonesia’s claim was recognized as being illegitimate. Aceh was an independent and diplomatically recognized Kingdom for several centuries until Dutch colonialism reared its ugly head. Aceh was then basically handed over to Indonesia following the Netherlands’ withdrawal in 1949, in that quaint and time-honored practice of colonial powers of slicing up states in accordance with their mapmaker’s whims. Thus was the stage set for years of war. However, almost no one accepts Aceh’s claims to independence.

Ironically, Aceh is also suffering because of East Timor’s independence. Indonesians, particularly the TNI, are exceptionally bitter over the loss of East Timor, and are thus doubly determined to hold onto what’s left of Indonesia to the bitter end.

An Australian protestor in Jakarta puts Muslims to shame during a protest against the invasion of Aceh

And through it all, many decent, God-fearing Indonesians, being misled by their government, will believe that the Acehnese separatists are being controlled by outside forces trying to divide Indonesia, probably Jews or Americans they'll think, not knowing that by crushing those poor people they best serve the interests of corporate America and a foreign policy hostile to conservative Islam. These Indonesians will believe that all those civilians being butchered, all those villages being burnt down, all those crimes are being perpetrated by the 5,000 strong GAM, not the 50,000-man Indonesian army currently deployed in Aceh that has a record of murder and abuse.

“Well, look, the Acehnese are being unreasonable! After all, they were generously offered autonomy and a whole 70% of revenues from the sale of their energy resources. What more can they ask for?”

Independence. They can ask for the independence only a people who have been colonized and ruled by a brutal military dictatorship for so long can truly appreciate. Oh, and as to those “generous” offers you mentioned? They were never implemented. The necessary legislation never went through, and regardless, gas production is expected to run out within ten years or so, according to a Congressional Research Service report on “Indonesian Separatist Movement in Aceh.”


Washington needs cooperation in its war against the scourge of Terror. If that comes at the cost of a few charred corpses in the jungle, so be it.


The war in Aceh also prompts a crisis in Islamic jurisprudence, or fiqh. As a general rule, Muslims are discouraged from pursuing separatist agendas that threaten the unity of the Ummah, or greater Muslim nation. As such, you will often hear Muslim scholars hasten to condemn any movement perceived to be “separatist.” The crisis, however, lies in the all-too frequent cases where the separation is attempted on religious grounds. To put it another way, serious and legitimate doubts have been voiced as to whether it was the stability of secular, despotic, military dictatorships Islam meant to maintain when such edicts were issued.

Alternatively, one wonders if perhaps Muslim communities that have suffered so terribly and for so long would be entitled to our moral support in their struggle for independence. They are troubling questions to which one sees little likelihood of a straightforward resolution.

It is difficult to be optimistic in these times we live in, and one has learned to see nothing heartening in most developments. However, perhaps it is worth noting what official reaction there has been to the massacres taking place in Aceh.

According to the Guardian, the UK has protested the use of its Scorpions and Hawks in Aceh, and has threatened to deny Jakarta spare parts. Perhaps I am not alone in believing this situation can be summed up as “too little, too late.” My earlier accusation stands. You sell weapons to a brutal military with an atrocious human rights record and then whine when they use it to kill civilians. How appropriate.

The US: Powell’s waffling speech to the recent ASEAN forum, where he allegedly found blame on both sides, conceals a much more decisive stance: According to the same Congressional Service Report cited, the US is actively pursuing a restoration of its links with the TNI, in the aftermath of East Timor. As such, US counter-terrorism training has been instituted for the TNI, with a $50 million package being granted Indonesia in August of last year. Remember, Washington needs cooperation in its war against the scourge of Terror. If that comes at the cost of a few charred corpses in the jungle, so be it.

ASEAN, of course, decided to call for a peaceful resolution while ensuring that steps be taken to deny the Acehnese weapons. Naturally, peace will ensue once GAM runs out of ammunition and the TNI is done running amok through Aceh.

Australia. Ah well, Australia’s all action now, what with Bali and all that. Decisive. And so, a resounding Australian “No” to Acehnese independence. Naturally, East Timor was a whole different ballgame. As Alexander Downer, Australia’s foreign minister, puts it, the separation of Aceh would create, God forbid, “instability,” and would be dangerous to Indonesia. And we’ve all just had as much instability as we can take now, eh?

According to BBC Online, Downer finds that there are enough problems in the region, and that we needn’t compound them by the dissolution of Indonesia. East Timor was, conveniently, enough. Aceh would be the straw that broke the camel’s back. As such, the rebels should lay down their arms and get back to the negotiating table, though it is worth noting the Indonesian government has a nasty habit of arresting Acehnese negotiators.

It’s a sad day for Muslims. We cannot live in denial anymore. It’s about time we woke up to reality. Not all evil comes from outside. Evil comes also from the despots and corrupt dictators who rule us with alien laws, laws that are frequently antithetical to our beliefs and values, even though many of these dictators are merely puppets of the West. Nationalism has become a curse afflicting Islam, the nationalism that blinds people to crimes committed in the name of country or nation.

Muslims, stop the killing in Aceh. No one will do it for us. Do not look Westward. The West does not care. It is time we learned to save ourselves.

Azizuddin El-Kaissouni is staff writer for IslamOnline. A graduate of the American University in Cairo, he holds a BA in Political Science with a specialization in International Law. He frequently writes about Muslim affairs around the world. You can reach him at azizuddin@islam-online.net.

The articles posted on this page reflect solely the opinions of the authors.

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