When you look around you out in the open air or in
a broad field, you can readily see all objects farthest from you and closest to
you in all their colors, shapes, and sizes. This view, which you have obtained
without making any effort, is produced as a result of numerous complex reactions
and interactions in your body. Let us take a closer look at these complex
operations.
The
Macro-structures of the Eye
The
human eye has a fully automatic mechanism that works perfectly. It is made up of
the combination of 40 different basic parts and all these parts have critical
functions in the process of seeing. Any defect or disability in even one of
these parts would make seeing impossible.
The
transparent layer in the front part of the eye is the cornea. Right behind it
lies the iris. Giving the eye its color, the iris adjusts its size automatically
according to the sharpness of light thanks to the muscles attached to it. For
example, if we are in a dark place, the iris widens to take in as much light as
possible. When light increases, it shrinks to decrease the amount of light
entering the eye.
The
automatic adjustment system in the iris works like this: The moment light enters
the eye, a nerve impulse travels to the brain and gives a message about the
existence and degree of brightness of the light. The brain immediately sends
back a signal and gives orders as to how much the muscles around the iris should
contract.
Another eye mechanism working parallel to this structure is the lens. The duty
of the lens is to focus the light entering the eye onto the retina layer in the
back of the eye. Thanks to the movement of the muscles around the lens, light
rays entering the eye from different angles and distances can always be focused
onto the retina.
All
the systems we have mentioned are far smaller yet far more superior to the
mechanical devices designed by the use of the latest technology in order to
imitate the eye. Even the most advanced artificial imaging system in the world
remains extremely simple and primitive compared to the eye.
When
we think of the effort and knowledge that has been put into developing these
artificial imaging systems, we can get a grasp on the superior creation that has
gone into designing the eye.
The
Micro-world of the Eye
If
we examine a single cell in the eye at the microscopic level, the superiority of
this creation will be further revealed.
Let
us suppose that we look at a crystal bowl full of fruit. The light rays coming
from this bowl to our eye pass through the cornea and iris and are focused on
the retina by the lens.
So,
what happens in the retina so that the retinal cells can perceive light?
When
light particles, also called photons, strike the cells in the retina, they
produce a cascading effect like a row of dominoes carefully arranged one after
the other. The first of these dominoes in the retinal cells is a molecule called
11-cis-retinal. When a photon of light interacts with it, this molecule changes
shape. This forces a change in the shape of another protein, rhodopsin, to which
it is tightly bound. Now, rhodopsin takes such a form that it can stick to
another protein, called transducin, which was already present in the cell, but
with which it could not previously interact due to the incompatibility of its
shape. After this union, another molecule called GDP also joins in this group.
So
at this stage we have two proteins, rhodopsin and transducin, in addition to a
chemical molecule called GDP bound together.
The
process, however, has just begun. The compound called GDP now has the proper
form to bind to another protein called phospho-diesterase, which always exists
in the cell. After this bonding, the shape of the molecule that is produced will
trigger a mechanism that will start a series of chemical reactions in the cell.
This
mechanism changes the ion concentration in the cell and produces electrical
energy. This energy stimulates the nerves lying right at the back of the retinal
cell. Consequently, the image that came to the eye as a photon of light sets out
on its journey in the form of an electrical signal. This signal contains visual
information about the object outside.
In
order for seeing to take place, the electrical signals produced in the retinal
cell have to be transmitted to the center of vision in the brain. Nerve cells,
however, are not directly connected to one another: there is a tiny gap between
their junction points. How then does the electrical stimulus continue on its
way?
At
this point, another set of complex operations takes place. The electrical energy
is transformed into chemical energy without any loss of the information being
carried and in this way the information is transmitted from one nerve to the
next. The chemical carriers located at the junction points of nerve cells
successfully convey the information contained in the stimulus coming from the
eye from one nerve to another. When transferred to the next nerve, the stimulus
is again converted into an electrical signal and continues on its way until it
reaches another junction point.
Making
its way to the center of vision in the brain in this manner, the signal is
compared to the information in the center of memory and the image is
interpreted.
Finally,
we see the bowl full of fruit, which we viewed before, by virtue of this perfect
system made up of hundreds of small details.
All
these amazing operations take place in a fraction of a second.
Moreover,
since the act of seeing takes place continuously, the system repeats these steps
over and over. For example, the molecules playing a part in the chain reaction
in the eye are restored to their original state every time and the reaction
starts all over again.
Of
course at the same time, many other equally complex operations are taking place
in other parts of the body. We may simultaneously hear the sound of the image we
are viewing, and depending on circumstances, we may sense its odor and taste and
feel its touch. Meanwhile, millions of other operations and reactions have to
continue without interruption in our body if we are to go on living.
Black
Box Confounds Darwinism
The
primitive science of Darwin’s day was aware of none of this. Despite that
however, even Darwin realized the extraordinary design in the eye and confessed
his despair in a letter he wrote to Asa Grey on April 3rd 1860 in which he said,
“The
very thought of the eye makes me cold all over.”
The
biochemical properties of the eye that have been discovered by modern science
dealt a greater blow to Darwinism than Darwin could ever have imagined.
The
complete process of seeing that we have summarized in simple outline here is
even more complex in its details. However even this summary is enough to show
what a glorious system has been created in our body.
The
reactions taking place in the eye are so complex and so finely tuned that it is
quite unreasonable to think that these are a product of chance occurrences as
the theory of evolution claims.
Michael
Behe, a recognized professor of biochemistry, makes this comment on the
chemistry of the eye and the theory of evolution in his book Darwin’s Black
Box:
“Now
that the black box of vision has been opened, it is longer enough for an
evolutionary explanation of that power to consider only the anatomical
structures of whole eyes, as Darwin did in the nineteenth century. Each of the
anatomical steps and structures that Darwin thought were so simple actually
involves staggeringly complicated biochemical processes that cannot be papered
over with rhetoric.” (Michael J. Behe, Darwin’s Black Box, p. 22)
But
as we have seen, the theory of evolution is unable to account for a single
system in a single living cell, much less explain life as a whole.
Having
utterly demolished the hypothesis that life is “simple”, science has
demonstrated to humanity a very important fact.
Life
is not the product of unplanned happenings. It is the result of a perfect
creation.
The
perfect creation of a superior Creator Who brought life into being, Who is God,
the Lord of all the Worlds.
It
is He Who created both humans and all other living beings. And man is
responsible to his Lord Who created him.
God
reminds man of this truth in the Qur’an:
“It
is He Who has created hearing, sight and hearts for you. What little thanks you
show!” (Surat al-Muminun: 78)
“They
said, “Glory be to You!” We have no knowledge except what You have taught
us. You are the All-Knowing, the All-Wise.” (Surat al-Baqara: 32)
The
author, who writes under the pen-name Harun Yahya, was born in Ankara in 1956. He studied arts at Istanbul's Mimar Sinan University and philosophy at Istanbul University. Since the 1980s, the author has published many books on political, faith-related and scientific issues. Harun Yahya is well known as an author who has written very important works disclosing the imposture of evolutionists, the invalidity of their claims and the dark liaisons between Darwinism and bloody ideologies. Some of the books of the author have been translated into English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Albanian, Arabic, Polish, Russian, Bosnian, Indonesian, Turkish, Tatar, Urdu and Malay and published in the countries concerned.
www.harunyahya.com
E-mail: info@harunyahya.com
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