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Almighty Allah says,
(For Hajj are the months well known. If any one undertakes that
duty therein, let there be no obscenity, nor wickedness, nor
wrangling in the Hajj and whatever good ye do, (be sure) Allah
knows it. And take a provision (with you) for the journey, but the
best of provisions is right conduct. So fear Me, O ye that are
wise! It is no crime in you if ye seek of the bounty of your Lord
(during pilgrimage). Then when ye pour down from (Mount) Arafat,
celebrate the praises of Allah at the Sacred Monument, and
celebrate His praises as He has directed you, even though, before
this, ye went astray. Then pass on at a quick pace from the place
whence it is usual for the multitude so to do, and ask for Allah's
forgiveness. For Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.) (Al-Baqarah 2:197-99)
As
far as Prophet Muhammad's Hajj and his everlasting message during
the Hajj are concerned, the Hajj of the Prophet is known as Hijjat
Al-Wadaa` (the Farewell Pilgrimage), because after three months
of returning from Hajj, the Prophet (peace and blessings be
upon him) left this world.
This
Hajj is also known with other names: It is called Hijjat Al-Islam
because this is the only Hajj that the Prophet performed after
receiving the message of Islam.
It
is also called Hijjat Al-Balagh because in this Hajj the Prophet
conveyed the final message of Islam. It is called Hijjat Al-Kamal
and Hijjat At-Tamam because in this Hajj Allah revealed to him the
good news that the message of Islam is perfected and Allah's favor
is fully granted for those who shall follow the way of Islam.
This
Hajj took place in the 10th year of Hijrah. Many details about
this Hajj are available in the books of Hadith and Sirah [the
Prophet's Biography]. One can prepare a whole diary of this Hajj
from Prophet's departure from Madinah to his return to Madinah.
The
Prophet left Madinah on the 25th of Dhul Qi`dah. People kept
joining him from all directions. When he arrived in Makkah, the
number of those who joined him reached to about 125,000 people.
The Prophet explained to them at every step the basic rules and
principles of Hajj.
In
`Arafat he gave his famous Khutbah and then next day in Mina he
repeated some of its points and gave some more points. The speech
had many important points and it was communicated by different
people in the crowd who would repeat after the Prophet (peace and
blessings be upon him). The main theme of this famous speech can
be summarized as: Do not wrong any one.
Here
are some basic points of this speech:
O
People, do you know in what month, what day and in what city you
are? They said, In a sacred day, in a sacred city and a
sacred month. He said, Your blood, your properties
and your honor is as sacred among you as the sacredness of this
day of yours, this month of yourS and this city of yours.
Then
he said, Listen to me and you shall live (happily): Behold
do no injustice, Behold do not injustice, Behold, do no injustice.
It
is not permissible to take the money of a Muslim without his/her
good pleasure. Behold, every blood demand, every money demand or
any special privilege that you held in the time of Ignorance
(before accepting Islam) are under my feet until the day of
Judgment. Every demand of interest is cancelled. You can only have
your capital with doing wrong or being wronged.
All
people are equal like the teeth of the comb. All of you are
descendants of Adam and Adam was created from dust. There is no
superiority for an Arab over a non-Arab or for a white person over
a black person except in the matters of piety.
A
Muslim is a brother of another Muslim. All Muslims are one
brotherhood.
Behold,
do not turn infidels after me by striking at the necks of each
other.
Behold,
Satan has lost all hope that the people of Salah will worship him,
but he shall still try to create dissentions among you. (So beware
of Satan and his plots.)
Be
conscious of Allah concerning women. They are your helpmates. They
have some rights on you and you have some rights on them.
Behold,
whosoever has any thing entrusted to him by someone else, he
should give it back to the one who entrusted him.
Then
he spread his hands and he said, Behold, I have conveyed.
Behold, I have conveyed. Then he said, Let those who
are present convey this message to those who are not here. Indeed
some who may receive it later may follow it better than those who
heard it.
Here
the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) emphasized the
following principles:
1.
Honor the life, dignity and property of others.
2.
Do not do injustice and oppression.
3.
Be honest in your business and financial dealings
4.
All human beings are equal.
5.
Muslims are brothers to each other.
6.
Do not fight each other.
7.
Avoid quarrels and disputes among yourselves.
8.
Recognize the rights of women.
9.
Fulfill the trusts.
10.
Convey the message of the Prophet to others.
This
message was delivered more than 1,400 years ago and it is always
needed. Muslims need it and the whole world needs it. This is the
message that we have to live with and should convey to the world.
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