In the 1980s, the new visibility of Muslims stimulated misconceptions, suspicion, and at times, mutual rejection. One could say that these reciprocal tensions were a relatively normal and logical response.... More>>

"I think it is useful to invent a linguistic shortcut to describe individuals who seem to believe that Muslims are either so bad or potentially so bad that they ought to be contained. Having a short cut like Islamophobia to describe such thinking seems to be a very reasonable idea," he said... More>>

The recognition of Islam as an official religion by the establishment of the French Council for the Muslim Religion did not halt debates about amending the 1905 Act. Reform advocates argue that the law was passed at a time when Islam did not represent the significant social bearing it does today... More>>