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Almighty Allah says in His Glorious Qur'an,
(Surely Ibrahim (Abraham) was a nation, obedient to Allah,
by nature upright, and he was not of the polytheists: Thankful
for His bounties; He chose him and He guided him unto a
straight path.) (An-Nahl 16:120–121)
As stated here, the outstanding characteristics of Prophet
Ibrahim (Abraham) peace be upon him were his deep faith and
unswerving obedience to Allah: In an age of ignorant polytheism,
he was the strongest exponent of monotheism!
After Prophet Adam (peace be upon him), Prophet Abraham is
revered and honored as leader (imam) of humankind. Not only
Muslims believe that they are all descendants of him, but also
Jews and Christians have the same belief.
Thus, we also read in the Bible that Prophet Abraham was
blessed by Yahweh (Allah) and described as the father of many
nations:
"I will make you into a great nation, and I will bless
you; I will make your name great, and you will be a blessing.
I will bless those who bless you, and whoever curses you I
will curse, and all peoples on earth will be blessed through
you." (NIV-Genesis 12:2–3)
"As for me, this is my covenant with you: You will be
the father of many nations …. " (NIV-Genesis 17:4 and
6)
"I will surely bless you and make your descendants as
numerous as the stars in the sky and as the sand on the
seashore. Your descendants will take possession of the cities
of their enemies, and through your offspring, all nations on
earth will be blessed, because you have obeyed me."
(NIV-Genesis 22:17–18)
And we read in the Qur'an that Allah Almighty tested Prophet
Abraham:
(And (remember) when Abraham was tried by his Lord with
certain commands, and he fulfilled them; He said, "Surely
I will appoint you a leader for humankind." He (Abraham)
said, "And of my offspring (will there be leaders)?"
He said, "My covenant includes not wrongdoers.")
(Al-Baqarah 2:124)
In his exegesis of the Qur'an, Ibn Kathir quotes the following
explication of the above verse by Ibn `Abbas:
The words that Allah tested Abraham with and that he
implemented were abandoning his [disbelieving] people when
Allah commanded him to do so, arguing with Nimrod [King of
Babylon] about Allah, being patient when he was thrown in the
fire [though this was extremely traumatic], migrating from his
homeland when Allah commanded him to do so, being patient with
the monetary and material demands of hosting guests by Allah's
command, and obeying Allah's order for him to slaughter his
son. When Allah tested Abraham with these words and he was
ready for the major test, Allah said to him, ("Submit (be
a Muslim)!'' He said, "I submit myself to the Lord of the
Worlds") (Al-Baqarah 2:131).
In fact, the difficult tests to which Almighty Allah subjected
Prophet Abraham brought out his sterling qualities, such as his
unflinching belief in Allah and his complete submission to Him.
Eventually, he was prepared to sacrifice his son for the sake of
Almighty Allah. In the Qur'an, Allah Almighty says,
(And who has a better religion than he who submits himself
entirely to Allah while doing good (to others) and follows the
faith of Abraham, the upright? And Allah took Abraham as a
friend.) (An-Nisaa' 4:125)
The foregoing argument makes it clear to us how Prophet Abraham
has richly deserved to become a role model for the whole of
humanity; that is to say, the moral principles that Abraham
demonstrated through the difficult trials of his life are
certainly the universal principles that shine through history as
ideals for the entire humanity.
Firm belief in Allah, dedicated obedience to Him, strong
commitment to religion, and unwavering patience in the face of
temptations and misfortunes were the hallmarks of the submission
(Islam) of Abraham.
Ibn Kathir adds,
Now, who is "the best in religion" as indicated
in the above verse (4:125)? Allah Himself answers, "the
one who submits his whole self to Allah while doing
good." This means that the two essential conditions for
being "the best in religion" are sincerity and
correctness. This is because "submitting one's whole
self" can mean nothing other than the utmost sincerity to
Almighty Allah, with the expectation of reward from Him, and
"doing good" can mean nothing other than following
the correct guidance that Allah legislated in the religion of
truth, which He sent His Messenger with.
And who could be the people who qualified for being "the
best in religion"? The answer is, "those who followed
the religion of Abraham, the upright." And are they the Jews,
the Christians, or the Muslims? Almighty Allah answers,
(Most surely those of humankind who have the best claim to
Abraham are those who followed him and this Prophet and those
who believe, and Allah is the Guardian of the believers.) (Aal
`Imran 3:68)
This means that the people who have the best claim to Abraham
are his genuine followers, as well as this Prophet (Muhammad) and
his followers (Muslims) because they followed Abraham as commanded
by Allah Almighty:
(Then We revealed to you (O Muhammad), "Follow the
faith of Abraham, the upright one, and he was not of the
polytheists.") (An-Nahl 16:123)
Prophet Abraham was an imam whose example is closely followed
by generations of people. As one who wholeheartedly and most
dedicatedly obeyed all the commands of Almighty Allah, he was
honored by Allah Himself and described as His friend (An-Nisaa'
4:125). This was due to Prophet Abraham's devotion, dedication,
and submission to Allah, All Merciful.
Of the followers of the three Abrahamic religions (i.e.
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), Muslims honor Abraham most and
follow his sunnah of sacrifice during Hajj and `Eid Al-Adha.
At this very moment, millions of Muslims from the four corners
of the planet are on their way to Makkah, where Abraham built the
First House to worship the Only God of the universe. There,
Muslims perform certain rites that commemorate the most important
events in the life of the leader of humankind and his family.
While pilgrims are immersed in those rites, Muslims all over
the world celebrate the sacrifice of Abraham and his son Ishmael
in `Eid Al-Adha (Festival of Sacrifice). Thus, Muslims worldwide
not only remember and honor Prophet Abraham but also pledge to
emulate his supreme example in their life as much as possible.
And Allah knows best.
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** Professor Shahul Hameed
is a consultant for IslamOnline.net. He was previously the Head of the Department of English, Farook College, Calicut University, and the president of the Kerala Islamic Mission in Calicut , India. He is the author of three books on Islam published in the Malayalam language. His books are on comparative religion, the status of women, and science and human values.
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