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Ayaan Hirsi Ali's book reflects a
deep-rooted rejection of Islam. That energy was previously
directed into the co-production of the film, Submission: Part I,
which led to the killing of partner filmmaker Theo van Gogh in
late 2004 by Mohammed Bouyeri, a Dutch-Moroccan Muslim. Bouyeri is
now serving a life sentence without parole in Holland.
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Title: The Caged Virgin
Author: Ayaan Hirsi Ali
Publisher: Free Press, 2006
208 pages
ISBN: 0743288335
It's obviously what I've been waiting for
all my life: a secular crusader - armed with enlightenment philosophy,
the stamp of the liberal establishment and the promise of sexual
freedom - swooping into my harem and liberating me from my
"ignorant," "uncritical," "dishonest"
and "oppressed" Muslim existence. At least that's what Ayaan
Hirsi Ali thinks I've been waiting for. Her latest book, The Caged
Virgin, is a collection of essays intended to unveil the sexual
terrorism she says is inherent in Islam. In reality, it is a
smash-and-grab aggregation of inconsistencies, platitudes and poor
scholarship.
Hirsi Ali was born Ayaan Hirsi Magan in
Somalia in 1969, but grew up in Kenya. As a young adult, she moved to
Germany and later the Netherlands, allegedly to escape a forced
marriage. She learnt Dutch and put herself through a degree. She soon
became a prominent and controversial politician - a brown face made
welcome by her shrill denunciations of Islam, the Prophet Muhammad and
Europe's "backward Muslims." Last year, Time hailed
her as one of the world's "100 most influential people." The
Economist described her as a "cultural ideologue of the new
right."
However, the publication of The Caged
Virgin couldn't have come at a worse time for Hirsi Ali, a woman
who has built her career on being a victim. In May, a Dutch television
documentary alleged that her story didn't add up. The programme's
makers (who travelled to Kenya to speak to her family and those who
knew her as a child) claimed that Hirsi Ali had lied to enter the
Netherlands and had fabricated her past. The political friends who had
made her the darling of the Dutch right speedily retreated from her
side. As author and academic Jytte Klausen, who knows Hirsi Ali,
recently claimed: "She wasn't forced into a marriage. She had an
amicable relationship with her husband, as well as with the rest of
her family. It was not true that she had to hide from her family for
years."
Now that that doubt has been cast on the
experiences she relies on to give her arguments authority, her new
book reads more like a whimper than a bang.
Practically all of Hirsi Ali's conclusions
are based on her own "tortured" experiences and observations
of Islam. Besides the superficial references to Qur'anic verses and
the occasional Prophetic saying, she provides little evidence to back
up her claims that the Muslim woman is a caged virgin - sexualized,
segregated, universally denied human rights - and that Islamic
theology is responsible for this. Hirsi Ali is not breaking new
ground.
Others, such as the controversial Fatima
Mernissi and Leila Ahmed, have been here before, except that their
work is meatier, making reference to classical texts and engaging in
important historical debates. The Caged Virgin is the cheap
tabloid version - accessible, flimsy, forgettable.
The sad thing is that many of the concerns
Hirsi Ali raises - forced marriage, female genital mutilation, sexual
violence, lack of education, economic underachievement and the
obsession with static gender roles - are genuine challenges facing
Muslim (and many other) women. Hirsi Ali makes some thoughtful points
- except that they are lost among the inaccuracies, exaggerations and
omissions. To demonstrate Islam's obsession with female sexuality, for
example, Hirsi Ali quotes the Qur'anic verse calling on women to
behave modestly, but conveniently omits the first part of the verse,
which demands the same of men before it addresses women. The picture
Hirsi Ali paints of Gestapo-like Muslim homes is laughable. She writes
that "lies are constantly being told about the most intimate
matters . . . Children learn from their mothers that it pays to lie.
Mistrust is everywhere and lies rule." Perhaps she wrote this so
she would have a defence when her own lies were revealed.
Reading Hirsi Ali, you would think that she
and a handful of other enlightened women, like her good friend Irshad
Manji, are the only ones who have figured all this out. Apparently,
the majority of Muslims women are conditioned from birth by their
religion not to think. This misrepresentation is a tragic disservice
to the women Hirsi Ali seeks to liberate.
It's strange how many times she says
"we Muslims" in her book. For someone who is an atheist and
claims not to be a "Muslim," such appeals to sisterly
solidarity are disingenuous. It's a not-so-clever attempt to lend
authenticity to her argument: clearly, if a Muslim criticises her
religion, then it must be bad. Muslims are not homogenous - they do
not all think, act and believe in the same way. Islam manifests itself
through a vast array of experiences. As a British Muslim, for
instance, I am as Western as I am anything else. Hirsi Ali has fallen
into the trap of identity politics. Being a Muslim is a religious
moniker - Muslims are not a tribe or a race. You don't have to be
Muslim to criticise Islam or Muslims, but at least be honest about it.
Long before Hirsi Ali arrived in Europe,
Muslim women were fighting against ignorance, religious prejudice and
cultural misunderstanding. They are still pushing the boundaries,
playing an increasingly important public role and advocating real
long-term change - slowly but surely. For groups such as London's An
Nisa Society, which pioneered programs in sexual health, domestic
violence and mental health two decades ago, Islam is a potent,
powerful ally. Many Muslim women want to maintain a strong, spiritual
connection with their faith - a choice Hirsi Ali seeks to deny them.
These brave women sadly do not have the luxury of monetary resources,
bodyguards, spin doctors and PR agencies - things that Hirsi Ali takes
for granted.
She recently said that her audience
consists mainly of Muslims. Nonsense. Her hatred of Islam and her
patronising attitude towards Muslim women who disagree with her makes
her ideas palatable only to the "white liberals" whose
prejudices about Islam and Muslims she reinforces. In fact, anyone who
works with Muslim communities, respecting their faith but seeking
positive change, is accused of forging a "satanic pact . . .
[making] their living by representing Muslim interests, extending aid
to them, and cooperating with them in their development."
For Hirsi Ali, the answer is clear: Islam
is at fault and needs to be discarded. But her experiences are not
mine, or those of the many Muslim women I work with every day. We are,
it seems, to believe that the obsession with female virginity is at
the heart of every Muslim malaise. Such pseudo-sociological scat
wouldn't pass muster in an A-level exam.
Hirsi Ali also suffers from historical
amnesia. She is so caught up in her undergraduate political science
training that she can't see beyond Spinoza, Voltaire and Kant.
"Reading works," she says, "by Western thinkers is
regarded as disrespectful to the Prophet and Allah's message."
Who says this? Nor does Hirsi Ali add that the catalyst for the
Enlightenment lay in the knowledge-transfer from Muslim civilisation
to Europe through Andalusia. The notions of female personhood,
independence of wealth and the right to education are as old as Islam
itself. The biographies of scholars and saints during the classical
age include thousands of female ulama (religious scholars),
with many leading universities being established by wealthy women of
means.
Prophet Muhammad's first love was a woman
15 years older than himself. Khadija was not only a widow (a
non-virgin, I'll have you know), she was a businesswoman who proposed
marriage to the young Muhammad, an honest and trusted worker in her
business. They lived 27 years together before Khadija died. Fast
forward to today, where I am surrounded by loving, functional Muslim
families that defy Hirsi Ali's statements. Even Yusuf Qaradawi, the
Qatar-based cleric who Hirsi Ali condemns, is married to a sprightly
senior al-Jazeera journalist. I met her at a conference in Istanbul
last weekend. She defies every stereotype, sitting at the head table
with her husband and other major scholars.
Muslims, frankly, pay too much attention to
Hirsi Ali. She isn't interested in a genuine engagement with Muslim
women. She is content to be an outsider posing as a co-religionist.
This may win her favour elsewhere, but not in the communities she
seeks to reform.
Incidentally, Hirsi Ali has just had her
Gloria Gaynor moment. The Dutch political establishment now wants her
forgiveness and has put pressure on the immigration minister to
reverse her decision to take away Hirsi Ali's citizenship. But Hirsi
Ali has found new chums at the American Enterprise Institute, the
neo-con high temple in Washington, DC. The trouble is that it is Hirsi
Ali herself who is caged - by her lack of scholarship and her myopic
sense of identity and history. These credentials may carry weight with
the neo-cons she will now advise. They ought not to with the rest of
us.